Zdrowe Nerki (Healthy Kidneys)

The most abundant protein in blood, produced by the liver. Albumin maintains blood volume and pressure, and transports hormones, vitamins, and drugs. Low levels indicate liver disease, kidney disease, malnutrition, or chronic inflammation.

A waste product from normal muscle metabolism, filtered by the kidneys. Blood creatinine levels reflect kidney filtration capacity. Elevated levels may indicate impaired kidney function, dehydration, or excessive muscle breakdown.

A protein produced by all nucleated cells at a constant rate, filtered by the kidneys. Cystatin C is a more accurate marker of kidney function than creatinine because it's less affected by muscle mass, age, and diet.

An estimated measure of how well your kidneys filter waste from the blood. It's calculated from creatinine levels, age, sex, and race. eGFR is the primary marker used to stage chronic kidney disease.

A metal found in canned foods, solder, and industrial materials. While small amounts of inorganic tin are relatively non-toxic, high levels can cause gastrointestinal irritation. Organotin compounds are more toxic and affect the immune and nervous systems.

A waste product from protein breakdown, processed by the liver and excreted by the kidneys. Elevated urea levels can indicate kidney dysfunction, dehydration, high-protein diet, or gastrointestinal bleeding.

A waste product from the breakdown of purines (found in certain foods and body cells). High levels can form crystals in joints (gout) or kidneys (kidney stones). Also associated with cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.