Testosterone (ng/dL)
Testosterone is crucial for male sexual development and function, also present in lower amounts in females. Abnormal levels can indicate reproductive or endocrine disorders.
Free Testosterone (pg/mL)
Free Testosterone measures the amount of testosterone not bound to proteins, thus available to cells, and is crucial for reproductive health.
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) (nmol/L)
Protein binding testosterone and oestradiol; changes affect hormone availability.
Oestradiol (E2) (pg/mL)
Impacts acne, constipation, libido, depression, weight, PMS, period pain, and thyroid function. Low levels are seen in menopause, causing mood swings, vaginal dryness, hot flashes, night sweats, and osteoporosis.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) (mIU/mL)
Stimulates egg maturation; high levels indicate poor ovarian reserves.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) (mIU/mL)
Governs the menstrual cycle, peaking before ovulation. High levels can signal lack of ovulation, menopause, or hormonal imbalance. A high LH/FSH ratio can indicate PCOS.
Progesterone (P4) (ng/mL)
Crucial for the menstrual cycle, combats PMS and period pain, aids fertility, and promotes sleep.
Prolactin (ng/mL)
Prolactin stimulates milk production in women and affects reproductive health. Abnormal levels can indicate pituitary disorders.
IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1) (ng/mL)
IGF-1 is a hormone involved in growth and development, and it's regulated by growth hormone. High levels can indicate growth disorders.
Cortisol (µg/dL)
Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress and low blood glucose. Abnormal levels can indicate adrenal issues.
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) (µg/dL)
A long-acting adrenal hormone regulating energy production, the immune system, brain chemistry, bone formation, muscle tone, and libido. It's converted into testosterone and other sex hormones.
Red Blood Cell Count (/µL)
Responsible for carrying oxygen around the body. A high count can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke, whilst a low count can mean your body isn’t getting the oxygen it needs.
Haemoglobin (g/dL)
A good measure of your blood's ability to carry oxygen throughout your body. Elevated haemoglobin can be an indicator of lung disease, whilst a low result indicates anaemia.
Haematocrit (%)
A measure of the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume. Elevated haematocrit can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke.
MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) (fL)
Average red blood cell size; elevated in B12/folate deficiency anaemia; decreased in iron deficiency anaemia.
MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) (pg)
Average haemoglobin amount in a red blood cell; larger cells have higher MCH.
MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) (g/dL)
Average haemoglobin concentration in a red blood cell; decreased in iron deficiency anaemia.
RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width) (%)
Variation in red blood cell size; high values indicate anaemia, liver disease, or B12/folate deficiency.
White Blood Cell Count (/µL)
Responsible for fighting infection. A high count can indicate recent infection and even stress, whilst a low count can result from vitamin deficiencies, liver disease and immune diseases.
Eosinophils % (%)
Eosinophils % represents the percentage of eosinophils, white blood cells that fight infections and play a role in allergic reactions, in the total white blood cell count.
Monocytes % (%)
Monocytes % represents the percentage of monocytes, a type of white blood cell that helps fight infections, in the total white blood cell count.
Lymphocytes % (%)
Lymphocytes % represents the percentage of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell involved in immune response, in the total white blood cell count.
Neutrophils % (%)
Neutrophils % represents the percentage of neutrophils, the most common type of white blood cell that fights infection, in the total white blood cell count.
Basophils % (%)
Basophils % represents the percentage of basophils, a type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions and inflammation, in the total white blood cell count.
Platelet Count (/µL)
Responsible for blood clotting and healing. A high count can indicate a risk of thrombosis, whilst a low count can lead to easy bruising.
Bilirubin (mg/dL)
Bilirubin is a substance produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. High levels can lead to jaundice and indicate liver or bile duct problems.
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) (U/L)
Enzyme mainly in the liver and bones; high levels can indicate liver disease.
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (U/L)
Enzyme from liver and heart; high levels indicate liver damage.
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) (U/L)
Enzyme mainly produced by the liver; indicates liver damage.
Albumin (g/dL)
Albumin is a protein made by the liver that helps keep fluid in your bloodstream and carries various substances throughout your body. Low levels can indicate liver or kidney disease.
Globulin (g/dL)
Any of a group of simple proteins found in the blood.
Potassium (mmol/L)
Potassium (K) is essential for nerve function and muscle contraction. Abnormal levels can affect heart and muscle function.
Bicarbonate (mmol/L)
Higher than normal levels suggests trouble maintaining pH balance either by failing to remove carbon dioxide or because of an electrolyte imbalance. Elevations may be seen with severe vomiting, chronic lung problems and some hormonal disorders. Low levels may be seen with chronic diarrhoea, diabetic ketoacidosis and kidney failure.
Creatinine (mg/dL)
Creatinine (Cr) is a waste product from muscle metabolism, filtered by the kidneys. Elevated levels can indicate kidney dysfunction.
hs-CRP (High-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein) (mg/L)
hs-CRP measures inflammation and is a marker for cardiovascular risk. Elevated levels indicate systemic inflammation.
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Overall cholesterol level in blood
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol (mg/dL)
"Bad" cholesterol; contributes to atherosclerosis and increases heart disease risk.
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol (mg/dL)
"Good" cholesterol; removes excess cholesterol from bloodstream and protects against heart disease.
Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
Non-HDL cholesterol is the total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol, representing all "bad" cholesterols. High levels can increase the risk of heart disease.
Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) (U/L)
Liver enzyme; elevated levels can indicate alcohol abuse.
Total Protein (g/dL)
A measure of all of the proteins in the plasma portion of your blood. Proteins are important building blocks of all cells and tissues - they are important for body growth and health.
Sodium (mmol/L)
Sodium (Na) helps regulate water balance and nerve function. Abnormal levels can affect hydration status and blood pressure.
Chloride (mmol/L)
Chloride is important for maintaining fluid balance and for the proper functioning of the digestive system.
Urea (mmol/L)
A high concentration of this waste product can indicate dehydration or that your kidneys aren’t working properly.
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) (mL/min/1.73m²)
Measures how well kidneys filter blood wastes; best overall measure of kidney function.
Creatine Kinase (U/L)
Enzyme leaking from injured muscle cells; prolonged elevation indicates overtraining.
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)
If you have diabetes your body doesn't process glucose effectively.
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood. High levels can increase the risk of heart disease.