Red Blood Cell Count (/µL)
Responsible for carrying oxygen around the body. A high count can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke, whilst a low count can mean your body isn’t getting the oxygen it needs.
Haemoglobin (g/dL)
A good measure of your blood's ability to carry oxygen throughout your body. Elevated haemoglobin can be an indicator of lung disease, whilst a low result indicates anaemia.
Haematocrit (%)
A measure of the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume. Elevated haematocrit can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke.
MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) (fL)
Average red blood cell size; elevated in B12/folate deficiency anaemia; decreased in iron deficiency anaemia.
MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) (pg)
Average haemoglobin amount in a red blood cell; larger cells have higher MCH.
MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) (g/dL)
Average haemoglobin concentration in a red blood cell; decreased in iron deficiency anaemia.
RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width) (%)
Variation in red blood cell size; high values indicate anaemia, liver disease, or B12/folate deficiency.
White Blood Cell Count (/µL)
Responsible for fighting infection. A high count can indicate recent infection and even stress, whilst a low count can result from vitamin deficiencies, liver disease and immune diseases.
Eosinophils % (%)
Eosinophils % represents the percentage of eosinophils, white blood cells that fight infections and play a role in allergic reactions, in the total white blood cell count.
Monocytes % (%)
Monocytes % represents the percentage of monocytes, a type of white blood cell that helps fight infections, in the total white blood cell count.
Lymphocytes % (%)
Lymphocytes % represents the percentage of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell involved in immune response, in the total white blood cell count.
Neutrophils % (%)
Neutrophils % represents the percentage of neutrophils, the most common type of white blood cell that fights infection, in the total white blood cell count.
Basophils % (%)
Basophils % represents the percentage of basophils, a type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions and inflammation, in the total white blood cell count.
Platelet Count (/µL)
Responsible for blood clotting and healing. A high count can indicate a risk of thrombosis, whilst a low count can lead to easy bruising.
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)
Overall cholesterol level in blood
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol (mg/dL)
"Bad" cholesterol; contributes to atherosclerosis and increases heart disease risk.
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol (mg/dL)
"Good" cholesterol; removes excess cholesterol from bloodstream and protects against heart disease.
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood. High levels can increase the risk of heart disease.
Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
Non-HDL cholesterol is the total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol, representing all "bad" cholesterols. High levels can increase the risk of heart disease.
Sodium (mmol/L)
Sodium (Na) helps regulate water balance and nerve function. Abnormal levels can affect hydration status and blood pressure.
Potassium (mmol/L)
Potassium (K) is essential for nerve function and muscle contraction. Abnormal levels can affect heart and muscle function.
Chloride (mmol/L)
Chloride is important for maintaining fluid balance and for the proper functioning of the digestive system.
Bicarbonate (mmol/L)
Higher than normal levels suggests trouble maintaining pH balance either by failing to remove carbon dioxide or because of an electrolyte imbalance. Elevations may be seen with severe vomiting, chronic lung problems and some hormonal disorders. Low levels may be seen with chronic diarrhoea, diabetic ketoacidosis and kidney failure.
Urea (mmol/L)
A high concentration of this waste product can indicate dehydration or that your kidneys aren’t working properly.
Creatinine (mg/dL)
Creatinine (Cr) is a waste product from muscle metabolism, filtered by the kidneys. Elevated levels can indicate kidney dysfunction.
Urate (µmol/L)
If too much urate is produced or not enough is excreted, it can accumulate and lead to gout – an inflammation that occurs in joints.
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) (mL/min/1.73m²)
Measures how well kidneys filter blood wastes; best overall measure of kidney function.
Bilirubin (mg/dL)
Bilirubin is a substance produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. High levels can lead to jaundice and indicate liver or bile duct problems.
Direct Bilirubin (µmol/L)
Elevated levels may indicate a liver or bile duct blockage.
ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) (U/L)
Enzyme found in liver and bones; high levels can indicate liver disease.
AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) (U/L)
Enzyme produced by liver and heart; high levels indicate liver damage.
ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) (U/L)
ALT is an enzyme found mostly in the liver. Elevated levels often indicate liver damage or disease.
GGT (Gamma-glutamyl transferase) (U/L)
Liver enzyme; elevated levels can indicate alcohol abuse.
Albumin (g/dL)
Albumin is a protein made by the liver that helps keep fluid in your bloodstream and carries various substances throughout your body. Low levels can indicate liver or kidney disease.
Globulin (g/dL)
Any of a group of simple proteins found in the blood.
Total Protein (g/dL)
A measure of all of the proteins in the plasma portion of your blood. Proteins are important building blocks of all cells and tissues - they are important for body growth and health.
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)
If you have diabetes your body doesn't process glucose effectively.
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) (U/L)
Enzyme converting sugar to energy; released into bloodstream when cells are damaged.
Iron (µg/dL)
Iron (Fe) is essential for hemoglobin production and oxygen transport. Low levels can lead to anemia, while high levels may indicate iron overload disorders.
Transferrin (mg/dL)
Transferrin is a protein that binds and transports iron in the blood. Abnormal levels can indicate iron metabolism disorders.
Transferrin saturation (%)
Transferrin saturation measures the percentage of transferrin bound with iron, indicating iron status. Abnormal levels can indicate iron deficiency or overload.
Ferritin (ng/mL)
Ferritin is a protein that stores iron in the body. Low levels can indicate iron deficiency, while high levels may suggest iron overload or inflammation.
Calcium (mg/dL)
Calcium (Ca) is a mineral vital for bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling. Abnormal levels can suggest bone, kidney, or parathyroid issues.
Calcium (corrected) (mmol/L)
Corrected calcium adjusts for changes in serum albumin levels, providing a more accurate measure of the biologically active form of calcium, and is therefore a better reflection of the body's calcium status.
Phosphate (mmol/L)
Phosphate is a mineral which is essential for the formation of bones and teeth. It is also essential for many other cellular processes including energy metabolism and the formation of DNA and RNA.